สถิติ
เปิดเมื่อ28/01/2015
อัพเดท19/06/2024
ผู้เข้าชม2219554
แสดงหน้า2732283
ปฎิทิน
November 2024
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
     
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
สมาชิก

สมัครสมาชิก | ลืมรหัสผ่าน

ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์

อ่าน 744110 | ตอบ 8448
ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์
       ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์ (อังกฤษ: tungsten carbide) มีสูตรเคมีคือ WC ในรูปพื้นฐานจะมีลักษณะเป็นผงสีเทาละเอียด มี 2 โครงสร้างคือแบบหกเหลี่ยม (α-WC) และแบบลูกบาศก์ (β-WC)
 
       ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์เตรียมได้จากการทำปฏิกิริยาระหว่างทังสเตนกับคาร์บอนที่อุณหภูมิ 1400–2000 °C[3] หรือให้ความร้อนกับทังสเตนไตรออกไซด์และแกรไฟต์โดยตรงที่ 900 °C หรือในแก๊สไฮโดรเจนที่ 670 °C ตามด้วยการคาร์บิวไรเซชันในแก๊สอาร์กอนที่ 1000 °C[4] หรือใช้วิธีการเคลือบด้วยไอเคมี เช่น
  • ทำปฏิกิริยาระหว่างทังสเตนเฮกซะคลอไรด์กับไฮโดรเจนและมีเทนที่อุณหภูมิ 670 °C (1,238 °F)
 WCl6 + H2 + CH4 WC + 6 HCl
  • ทำปฏิกิริยาระหว่างทังสเตนเฮกซะฟลูออไรด์กับไฮโดรเจนและเมทานอลที่อุณหภูมิ 350 °C (662 °F)
                WF6 + 2 H2 + CH3OH → WC + 6 HF + H2O
       ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์มีจุดหลอมเหลวที่ 2,870 °C (5,200 °F) และจุดเดือดที่ 6,000 °C (10,830 °F) มีความแข็งระดับ 9 ตามมาตราโมสและประมาณ 2600 ตามมาตราวิกเคอส์[5] ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์มีความแข็งเกร็งมากกว่าเหล็กกล้าประมาณ 2 เท่า มีค่ามอดุลัสของยังประมาณ 530–700 GPa (77,000–102,000 ksi)[2][6][5][7] โมดูลัสของแรงบีบอัด 630–655 GPa และโมดูลัสของแรงเฉือน 274 GPa[8]
 
ด้วยคุณสมบัติความแข็งและทนความร้อนสูง ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์จึงใช้ทำเป็นเครื่องมือตัดหรือหัวเจาะ ใช้ทำกระสุนเจาะเกราะ เครื่องมือผ่าตัด อุปกรณ์กีฬา เครื่องประดับและอื่น ๆ
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
อ้างอิง
 
  1. Kurlov, p. 22
  2. Blau, Peter J. (2003). Wear of Materials. Elsevier. p. 1345. ISBN 978-0-08-044301-0.
  3. Pierson, Hugh O. (1992). Handbook of Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): Principles, Technology, and Applications. William Andrew Inc. ISBN 0-8155-1300-3.
  4. Zhong, Y.; Shaw, L. (2011). 'A study on the synthesis of nanostructured WC–10 wt% Co particles from WO3 , Co3O4 , and graphite'. Journal of Materials Science 46 (19): 6323–6331. Bibcode:2011JMatS..46.6323Z. doi:10.1007/s10853-010-4937-y.
  5. Groover, Mikell P. (2010). Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, and Systems. John Wiley & Sons. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-470-46700-8.
  6. Kurlov, p. 3
  7. Cardarelli, François (2008). Materials Handbook: A Concise Desktop Reference. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 640–. ISBN 978-1-84628-669-8.
  8. Kurlov, pp. 30, 135
  9. Sprince, NL.; Chamberlin, RI.; Hales, CA.; Weber, AL.; Kazemi, H. (1984). 'Respiratory disease in tungsten carbide production workers'. Chest 86 (4): 549–557. PMID 6434250. doi:10.1378/chest.86.4.549.
  10. 12th Report on Carcinogens'. National Toxicology Program. http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/roc12. เรียกข้อมูลเมื่อ 2011-06-24.
ความคิดเห็น :
5708
อ้างอิง

Diane
I've since been to see Sara's mother and pop, Neil and Rhonda. They see what they want to see, or what they're paid to see.
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://buypaxil.com/
Diane [141.98.10.xxx] เมื่อ 7/08/2023 09:59
5709
อ้างอิง

richapanday
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://richapandeyji.blogspot.com/
richapanday [152.58.115.xxx] เมื่อ 7/08/2023 12:20
5710
อ้างอิง

risk management
BIZMoney offers money, business and financial content, ranging from money earning, money supply, money management, financial planning, business finance, personal finance, business planning, business management, investing, markets, insurance solutions to individuals, businesses, organizations across the world. risk management

 
risk management [137.59.221.xxx] เมื่อ 7/08/2023 14:01
5711
อ้างอิง

Escort Service in Gurgaon
You can still have erotic fun in bed, but more options exist. You will find the best massage at Gurgaon Escorts. You can relax at the table while the girls massage you. You might feel hot while you experience it. This message theme requires that both the receiver and service provider be naked. The oil is applied to both bodies, and the girl rubs it on your body. The lingam massage, which is focused on the penis, can be enjoyed. Because we have been in the business for so long, we know how to get men what they want. We are committed to providing Russian Gurgaon Escorts at a reasonable price. Gurugram is the only place to find a beautiful girl and share genuine love. You can also enjoy orals and light B&D. Do you want to have fun and hang out with the sexiest escorts in Gurugram? They are happy to have you on a GFE date. This service guarantees the girl behaves like a friend in public. GFE does not allow for nagging, but the GFE can offer hugs and kisses to sexy Gurgaon Escorts. If you want to make others jealous, it is ideal. This arrangement allows one to go on a sightseeing trip with the girls. There are many services available to enjoy in Gurugram with escorts. The date will be unique.
 
Escort Service in Gurgaon [220.158.163.xxx] เมื่อ 7/08/2023 15:50
5712
อ้างอิง

Kolkata escorts

Tollygunge escorts

Sovabazar escorts

Shyambazar escorts

Shalimar escorts

Santoshpur escorts

Salt lake escorts

Rajarhat escorts

Phoolbagan escorts

Park street escorts

Park circus escorts

New alipore escorts

Minto park escorts

Kasba escorts

Kankurgachi escorts

Jadavpur escorts

Garia escorts

Esplanade escorts

Em bypass escorts

Girish park escorts

Chandni chowk escorts

Bidhannagar escorts

Belgachia escorts

Behala escorts

Beck bagan escorts

Barabazar escorts

Bhawanipore escorts

Ballygunge escorts

Baguiati escorts

Alipore escorts

Escort agency in Kolkata

Punjabi escorts in Kolkata

Independent escorts in Kolkata

Foreigner escorts in Kolkata

Housewife escorts in Kolkata

Bollywood escorts in Kolkata

Russian escorts in Kolkata

Air hostess escorts in Kolkata

call girls in Kolkata

High profile escorts in Kolkata

VIP model escorts in Kolkata

Celebrity escorts in Kolkata

Kolkata call girl phone number

Kolkata airport escorts

Indismart hotel Kolkata escorts

wise owl comfotel hotel Kolkata escorts

Ethnotel hotel Kolkata escorts

Eennra oiitijhyya hotel Kolkata escorts

Ananya hotel Kolkata escorts

Trimoorti hotel Kolkata escorts

Eastern plaza hotel Kolkata escorts

Rituivy hotel Kolkata escorts

The denmark tavern hotel Kolkata escorts

Kenilworth hotel Kolkata escorts

Beyzaa hotel Kolkata escorts

Golden tulip hotel Kolkata escorts

Siamton hotel Kolkata escorts

Pipal tree hotel Kolkata escorts

Radisson hotel Kolkata escorts

Swissotel hotel Kolkata escorts

Pride plaza hotel Kolkata escorts

Novotel hotel Kolkata escorts

Itc sonar hotel Kolkata escorts

Itc royal bengal hotel Kolkata escorts

Hyatt regency hotel Kolkata escorts

Vivanta hotel Kolkata escorts

Taj bengal hotel Kolkata escorts

Hindusthan international hotel Kolkata escorts

The lalit hotel Kolkata escorts

The oberoi grand hotel Kolkata escorts

Dumdum escorts

Science city escorts

Sealdah escorts

Howrah escorts

Lake town escorts

Camac street escorts

Dakshineswar escorts

New town escorts

Kalighat escorts

Jw marriott hotel Kolkata escorts

De sovrani hotel Kolkata escorts

The park hotel kolkata escorts

Kolkata escorts

Female escorts in Kolkata

Monotel hotel kolkata escorts

 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://www.kanikasen.com/
Kolkata escorts [122.180.203.xxx] เมื่อ 7/08/2023 16:35
5713
อ้างอิง
You can play Satta Matka online with a friend, or you can play it with strangers from around the world. You can also play Satta Matka online on your computer, tablet or smartphone!
It's easy to find other players for this game. Just go to one of the many websites that offer free services like this one and create an account by entering your email address in order to start playing immediately. Once you've done that, it's time to start winning money!
Join Our Telegram Channel
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://sattamatkaa.co.com/
satta matka [103.138.232.xxx] เมื่อ 7/08/2023 20:48
5714
อ้างอิง

Alia Zen
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
Chennai security services
 
Alia Zen [45.121.2.xxx] เมื่อ 7/08/2023 23:02
5715
อ้างอิง

Lorene
Hello! I've been following your web site for a long time now and finally got the bravery to go ahead and give you a shout out from Austin Texas! Just wanted to tell you keep up the fantastic job!
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://gateway.ipfs.io/ipfs/QmZZ59LwxfJH1GQ74G1eBVigozL5i7FFDutySUcaFuDq6A
Lorene [188.165.1.xxx] เมื่อ 8/08/2023 02:33
5716
อ้างอิง

Janessa
козино онлайн
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : http://bazar.5zszv.edu.sk/user/profile/2004313
Janessa [185.5.251.xxx] เมื่อ 8/08/2023 04:17
5717
อ้างอิง

Lenora
Have you ever considered writing an e-book or guest authoring on other blogs? I have a blog centered on the same subjects you discuss and would really like to have you share some stories/information. I know my visitors would appreciate your work. If you're even remotely interested, feel free to shoot me an e mail.
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : http://buy-backlinks.rozblog.com/
Lenora [130.185.156.xxx] เมื่อ 8/08/2023 08:41
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305306307308309310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332333334335336337338339340341342343344345346347348349350351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377378379380381382383384385386387388389390391392393394395396397398399400401402403404405406407408409410411412413414415416417418419420421422423424425426427428429430431432433434435436437438439440441442443444445446447448449450451452453454455456457458459460461462463464465466467468469470471472473474475476477478479480481482483484485486487488489490491492493494495496497498499500501502503504505506507508509510511512513514515516517518519520521522523524525526527528529530531532533534535536537538539540541542543544545546547548549550551552553554555556557558559560561562563564565566567568569570571572573574575576577578579580581582583584585586587588589590591592593594595596597598599600601602603604605606607608609610611612613614615616617618619620621622623624625626627628629630631632633634635636637638639640641642643644645646647648649650651652653654655656657658659660661662663664665666667668669670671672673674675676677678679680681682683684685686687688689690691692693694695696697698699700701702703704705706707708709710711712713714715716717718719720721722723724725726727728729730731732733734735736737738739740741742743744745746747748749750751752753754755756757758759760761762763764765766767768769770771772773774775776777778779780781782783784785786787788789790791792793794795796797798799800801802803804805806807808809810811812813814815816817818819820821822823824825826827828829830831832833834835836837838839840841842843844845846
ความคิดเห็นของผู้เข้าชม
ชื่อผู้แสดงความคิดเห็น :
สถานะ : รหัสผ่าน :
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง :
รหัสความปลอดภัย :