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ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์

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ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์
       ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์ (อังกฤษ: tungsten carbide) มีสูตรเคมีคือ WC ในรูปพื้นฐานจะมีลักษณะเป็นผงสีเทาละเอียด มี 2 โครงสร้างคือแบบหกเหลี่ยม (α-WC) และแบบลูกบาศก์ (β-WC)
 
       ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์เตรียมได้จากการทำปฏิกิริยาระหว่างทังสเตนกับคาร์บอนที่อุณหภูมิ 1400–2000 °C[3] หรือให้ความร้อนกับทังสเตนไตรออกไซด์และแกรไฟต์โดยตรงที่ 900 °C หรือในแก๊สไฮโดรเจนที่ 670 °C ตามด้วยการคาร์บิวไรเซชันในแก๊สอาร์กอนที่ 1000 °C[4] หรือใช้วิธีการเคลือบด้วยไอเคมี เช่น
  • ทำปฏิกิริยาระหว่างทังสเตนเฮกซะคลอไรด์กับไฮโดรเจนและมีเทนที่อุณหภูมิ 670 °C (1,238 °F)
 WCl6 + H2 + CH4 WC + 6 HCl
  • ทำปฏิกิริยาระหว่างทังสเตนเฮกซะฟลูออไรด์กับไฮโดรเจนและเมทานอลที่อุณหภูมิ 350 °C (662 °F)
                WF6 + 2 H2 + CH3OH → WC + 6 HF + H2O
       ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์มีจุดหลอมเหลวที่ 2,870 °C (5,200 °F) และจุดเดือดที่ 6,000 °C (10,830 °F) มีความแข็งระดับ 9 ตามมาตราโมสและประมาณ 2600 ตามมาตราวิกเคอส์[5] ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์มีความแข็งเกร็งมากกว่าเหล็กกล้าประมาณ 2 เท่า มีค่ามอดุลัสของยังประมาณ 530–700 GPa (77,000–102,000 ksi)[2][6][5][7] โมดูลัสของแรงบีบอัด 630–655 GPa และโมดูลัสของแรงเฉือน 274 GPa[8]
 
ด้วยคุณสมบัติความแข็งและทนความร้อนสูง ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์จึงใช้ทำเป็นเครื่องมือตัดหรือหัวเจาะ ใช้ทำกระสุนเจาะเกราะ เครื่องมือผ่าตัด อุปกรณ์กีฬา เครื่องประดับและอื่น ๆ
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
อ้างอิง
 
  1. Kurlov, p. 22
  2. Blau, Peter J. (2003). Wear of Materials. Elsevier. p. 1345. ISBN 978-0-08-044301-0.
  3. Pierson, Hugh O. (1992). Handbook of Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): Principles, Technology, and Applications. William Andrew Inc. ISBN 0-8155-1300-3.
  4. Zhong, Y.; Shaw, L. (2011). 'A study on the synthesis of nanostructured WC–10 wt% Co particles from WO3 , Co3O4 , and graphite'. Journal of Materials Science 46 (19): 6323–6331. Bibcode:2011JMatS..46.6323Z. doi:10.1007/s10853-010-4937-y.
  5. Groover, Mikell P. (2010). Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, and Systems. John Wiley & Sons. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-470-46700-8.
  6. Kurlov, p. 3
  7. Cardarelli, François (2008). Materials Handbook: A Concise Desktop Reference. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 640–. ISBN 978-1-84628-669-8.
  8. Kurlov, pp. 30, 135
  9. Sprince, NL.; Chamberlin, RI.; Hales, CA.; Weber, AL.; Kazemi, H. (1984). 'Respiratory disease in tungsten carbide production workers'. Chest 86 (4): 549–557. PMID 6434250. doi:10.1378/chest.86.4.549.
  10. 12th Report on Carcinogens'. National Toxicology Program. http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/roc12. เรียกข้อมูลเมื่อ 2011-06-24.
ความคิดเห็น :
6508
อ้างอิง

Mathias
It’s fascinating to see how this community works together to take down "western" systems and derive chaos and profit from it.
 
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Mathias [45.156.64.xxx] เมื่อ 3/10/2023 01:52
6509
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noor mohmed
 
 
أبرز خدمات البيع والتوصيل التي يقدمها توكيل ال جي
حيث يقدم توكيل تكييف ال جي العديد من الخدمات الخاصة بعمليتي البيع،
وكذلك التوصيل التي يعمل على تقديمها توكيل ال جي ومن تلك الخدمات الآتي:
  • ومن ثم ذلك لأن البدرشين تعتبر من المدن الواسعة والكبيرة المقسمة إلى عدد كبير وضخم من الأحياء المختلفة وكذلك المناطق الداخلية التي تعتبر بعيدة عن بعضها البعض.
  • وفي تلك الحالة سوف يكون من الصعب أن يوفي فرع واحد فقط كافة احتياجات هذه المدينة،
    ومن ثم لهذا السبب تم العمل على توفير أكثر من فرع.
  • ومن ثم قد تم أيضاً توفير خدمة أكثر راحة للعملاء وجودة أيضاً وهي الخدمة الخاصة بتوزيع مكيف ال جي .
  • حيث أن كل منطقة قد أصبح بها أكثر من فرع موزع يكون معتمد وكذلك مسؤول عن توفير كل ما يشمل الموديلات المختلفة.
  •  إلى جانب كافة القدرات الناتجة عن عملية مساعدة كافة العملاء الموجودين في داخل هذا النطاق على القيام بشراء المكيف.
  •  ومن ثم الاستمتاع بخدمة ما بعد البيع وكذلك خدمة الصيانة،
    ومن ثم أيضاً هي التي تتمكن من العمل على تحديد المشكلة المسببة لهذا العطل.
  •  حيث أنه يتم العمل على  تحديد موعد الزيارة المنزلية،
    ثم يتم ذلك من خلال إرسال فريق خاص بالدعم الفني الخاص بتوكيل الجهاز توكيل تكييف ال جي البدرشين .
للاستفسارات و لحجز موعد صيانة أو تركيب تواصل معنا علي: موقع تكييف ال جي
 
 
noor mohmed [156.198.41.xxx] เมื่อ 3/10/2023 14:14
6510
อ้างอิง

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sheetaldubay [103.83.144.xxx] เมื่อ 3/10/2023 16:40
6511
อ้างอิง
Roma, la Città Eterna, è famosa per la sua storia millenaria e la sua cultura vibrante. Tuttavia, oltre a monumenti iconici e cibi deliziosi, Roma offre anche un mondo di incontri e connessioni umane che riscaldano il cuore della città. In questo articolo, esploreremo il lato affascinante degli incontri nella capitale italiana, mettendo in evidenza come Roma possa essere il palcoscenico perfetto per relazioni piene di passione e piacere.
Donna cerca uomo Roma: Il Desiderio di Connessione
Il desiderio di connessione umana è universale, e a Roma, le persone cercano il calore di una relazione significativa o di un incontro fugace ma appagante. Questa ricerca di amore e piacere è ciò che rende gli incontri a Roma così irresistibili, un viaggio alla scoperta di emozioni e connessioni che possono riscaldare il cuore.
Incontri a Roma: Esplorare la Bellezza e la Cultura con un Compagno Speciale
Roma è un vero e proprio museo all'aperto, con la sua architettura stupefacente e i suoi quartieri pittoreschi. Gli incontri a Roma non sono solo appuntamenti, ma viaggi culturali ed emotivi alla scoperta della città. Dal Colosseo all'amore per la cucina italiana, condividere queste esperienze con un compagno speciale può rendere ogni istante indimenticabile.
Bakeca Incontri Roma: La Ricerca dell'Amore Online
Nell'era digitale, molti si rivolgono a siti web e app di incontri come 'Bakeca Incontri Roma' per trovare l'amore o incontri appaganti. Queste piattaforme offrono infinite opportunità di connessione, consentendo alle persone di cercare partner che condividano i loro interessi e le loro aspirazioni. Internet ha reso più facile che mai trovare l'amore e il piacere a Roma.
Escort Roma: Professionisti dell'Arte del Piacere
Le escort a Roma sono vere professioniste nell'arte della compagnia e del piacere. Oltre alla loro bellezza fisica, offrono una gamma di servizi che vanno ben oltre l'aspetto superficiale. Questi incontri possono includere momenti di intima conversazione, cene romantiche e massaggi rilassanti. La loro professionalità è evidente nella capacità di soddisfare i desideri dei clienti e creare esperienze indimenticabili.
Come Trovare Escort a Roma: Una Guida Responsabile
La ricerca di escort a Roma dovrebbe essere svolta in modo responsabile e rispettoso. È importante utilizzare servizi affidabili e fare ricerche accurate per garantire la propria sicurezza e soddisfazione. Le agenzie di escort a Roma che mettono al primo posto la professionalità e il benessere dei clienti sono una scelta consigliata.
Costi degli Incontri a Roma: Investimento nel Piacere
I costi degli incontri a Roma variano a seconda delle esperienze desiderate. È essenziale considerare questi costi come un investimento nel proprio benessere emotivo e fisico. Incontri a pagamento possono offrire esperienze uniche e gratificanti, dove ogni euro speso si traduce in momenti di piacere e appagamento.
Soddisfazione a Roma: Realizzare Tutti i Desideri
Roma è il luogo perfetto per esplorare e realizzare fantasie e desideri. Le escort professioniste sono esperte nell'arte di portare a compimento queste fantasie, garantendo esperienze indimenticabili. La comunicazione aperta e il rispetto reciproco sono fondamentali per garantire soddisfazione e piacere in queste esperienze.
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In conclusione, Roma è molto più di una città di storia e cultura; è un luogo dove i cuori possono incendiarsi e le anime possono connettersi in modi unici. Che tu stia cercando amore, passione o semplicemente una serata di piacere, Roma offre una miriade di opportunità. Ricorda sempre di essere responsabile nelle tue scelte e di cercare soddisfazione in modo rispettoso. Roma, con il suo calore e la sua bellezza, ti aspetta per offrirti momenti indimenticabili.
 
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sheetaldubay [103.83.144.xxx] เมื่อ 3/10/2023 18:16
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aaliaparveen
https://adsnity.com/author/aaliaparveen/ || https://www.roi-nj.com/author/aaliaparveen/ || https://qasautos.com/author/aaliaparveen/ || https://aboutsnfjobs.com/author/aaliaparveen/ || https://www.midcamp.org/user/aalia-parveen || https://so-geht.digital/author/aaliaparveen/ || https://claverfox.com/author/aaliaparveen/ || https://www.race4home.com.my/agency/aaliaparveen || https://cinderella.pro/user/181205/aaliaparveen/#preferences || https://quantum-buoyancy.mn.co/posts/42494406 || https://marketingops.mn.co/members/18931785 || https://thinktrain.mn.co/posts/42494636 || https://naitirabotu.mn.co/members/18931846 || https://beranda.mn.co/members/18931917 || https://nc-cricket.mn.co/members/18931928 || https://phat4life.mn.co/members/18932083 || https://network-339477.mn.co/members/18932140 || https://bloby.mn.co/members/18932182 || https://quantum-buoyancy.mn.co/members/18931757 || https://decidim.tjussana.cat/profiles/aaliaparveen/activity || https://forum.dzpknews.com/space-uid-529300.html || https://www.eater.com/users/aaliaparveen || https://cosmic-coalition-for-modern-evolution.mn.co/members/18932414 || https://booknet.com/es/sea-de-u11252714/about || https://wrytin.com/seade10 || https://aaliaparveen.bcz.com/2023/09/26/uhl/ || https://www.openstreetbrowser.org/dev/aaliaparveen?tab=activity || https://dyom.gtagames.nl/profile/45272 || https://aaliaparveen.hashnode.dev/delhi-call-girls-high-profile-delhi-escort-service-247-1-1 || https://seas-private-organization.gitbook.io/untitled-3/ || https://scratchgram-2nd-instagram2.mn.co/members/19083212 || https://lkc.hp.com/member/davdut982316477# || https://nmpeoplesrepublick.com/community/profile/aaliaparveen/ || https://worldwide-entertainment-club.mn.co/members/19083290 || https://www.ocjobs.com/employers/2340167-aaliaparveen || https://www.cadeaustralia.com.au/profile/seade528/profile || https://community.elastic.co/u/m27pmj/#/about || http://www.countrymusicperformers.com/forum/f1-Off-Topic/t74716-Escort-Service-In-Delhi/ || https://network-79379.mn.co/members/19083500 || https://pig-landtin.mn.co/members/19083586 || https://autism-support.mn.co/members/19083736 || https://www.hmacmidlands.com/profile/seade528/profile || https://www.globaldemocracy.com/user/17081 || https://jobs251.com/author/aaliaparveen/ || https://www.donchillin.com/space-uid-314155.html || https://forum.ih-systems.com/user/aaliaparveen || http://warriorcats.vforums.co.uk/profile/aaliaparveen || https://marshallyin.com/user/aaliaparveen/?profiletab=main || https://nishweb-members.mn.co/members/19126904 || https://www.tasinmakistiyorum.com/author/aaliaparveen/ || https://demo.ultimatemember.com/user/aaliaparveen/ || https://bookmark.hiauthors.com/story/delhi-call-girls-high-profile-delhi-escort-service-24-7/ || https://www.hilidac.com/profile/seade528/profile || https://www.pspnyinc.org/profile/seade528/profile || https://calisthenics.mn.co/members/19149532 || https://www.carforums.com/profile/93341-aaliaparveen/?tab=field_core_pfield_16 || https://www.funsocio.com/914290bc7 || https://community.coachesclinic.com/user/aalia_parveen || https://www.drugtestingsolutions.verifiedfirst.com/profile/seade528/profile || https://massagevua.net/members/109277/#about || https://socialcreditu.com/aaliaparveen || https://www.vfrnds.com/read-blog/4538 || https://uconnect.ae/aaliaparveen || https://thehealthbridges.com/aaliaparveen  || https://www.kaisanba.com/read-blog/21370  || https://blackboobook.com/read-blog/3159  || https://www.justyari.com/1695965003816376_20560  || https://www.addonface.com/fc20953ed  || https://latintuanis.com/aaliaparveen  || https://steamitglobal.com/read-blog/1727  || https://cowrychat.com/aaliaparveen  || https://horrorlodge.com/read-blog/2400  || https://www.community.creationinc.nl/read-blog/2295  || https://geoamor.com/read-blog/1030  || https://firstplat.com/read-blog/1815  || https://www.addonface.com/fc20953ed  || https://latintuanis.com/aaliaparveen  || https://steamitglobal.com/read-blog/1727  || https://cowrychat.com/aaliaparveen  || https://horrorlodge.com/read-blog/2400  || https://www.community.creationinc.nl/read-blog/2295  || https://geoamor.com/read-blog/1030  || https://firstplat.com/read-blog/1815 || 
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://www.shina69.com/
aaliaparveen [139.5.254.xxx] เมื่อ 3/10/2023 18:48
6515
อ้างอิง

Toney
I have read so many articles or reviews about the blogger lovers but this piece of writing is in fact a good article, keep it up.
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://evigetir.com/Zeytinburnu-Nakliyeci-tw-tr
Toney [184.174.25.xxx] เมื่อ 3/10/2023 19:45
6516
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Youwin Giriş
Hem site sahibi firmalar; hem de bu siteleri kullanan internet müdavimleri, artık duruma alışmış, sorunu nasıl çözeceği konusunda fikri bulunan insanlardır. Youwin Giriş
 
 
Youwin Giriş [137.59.221.xxx] เมื่อ 3/10/2023 19:56
6517
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Ezequiel
ремонт квартир цена под ключ
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://woodremont.ru
Ezequiel [38.152.196.xxx] เมื่อ 3/10/2023 21:27
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