สถิติ
เปิดเมื่อ28/01/2015
อัพเดท19/06/2024
ผู้เข้าชม2288889
แสดงหน้า2809388
ปฎิทิน
December 2024
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
    
สมาชิก

สมัครสมาชิก | ลืมรหัสผ่าน

ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์

อ่าน 772802 | ตอบ 8490
ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์
       ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์ (อังกฤษ: tungsten carbide) มีสูตรเคมีคือ WC ในรูปพื้นฐานจะมีลักษณะเป็นผงสีเทาละเอียด มี 2 โครงสร้างคือแบบหกเหลี่ยม (α-WC) และแบบลูกบาศก์ (β-WC)
 
       ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์เตรียมได้จากการทำปฏิกิริยาระหว่างทังสเตนกับคาร์บอนที่อุณหภูมิ 1400–2000 °C[3] หรือให้ความร้อนกับทังสเตนไตรออกไซด์และแกรไฟต์โดยตรงที่ 900 °C หรือในแก๊สไฮโดรเจนที่ 670 °C ตามด้วยการคาร์บิวไรเซชันในแก๊สอาร์กอนที่ 1000 °C[4] หรือใช้วิธีการเคลือบด้วยไอเคมี เช่น
  • ทำปฏิกิริยาระหว่างทังสเตนเฮกซะคลอไรด์กับไฮโดรเจนและมีเทนที่อุณหภูมิ 670 °C (1,238 °F)
 WCl6 + H2 + CH4 WC + 6 HCl
  • ทำปฏิกิริยาระหว่างทังสเตนเฮกซะฟลูออไรด์กับไฮโดรเจนและเมทานอลที่อุณหภูมิ 350 °C (662 °F)
                WF6 + 2 H2 + CH3OH → WC + 6 HF + H2O
       ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์มีจุดหลอมเหลวที่ 2,870 °C (5,200 °F) และจุดเดือดที่ 6,000 °C (10,830 °F) มีความแข็งระดับ 9 ตามมาตราโมสและประมาณ 2600 ตามมาตราวิกเคอส์[5] ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์มีความแข็งเกร็งมากกว่าเหล็กกล้าประมาณ 2 เท่า มีค่ามอดุลัสของยังประมาณ 530–700 GPa (77,000–102,000 ksi)[2][6][5][7] โมดูลัสของแรงบีบอัด 630–655 GPa และโมดูลัสของแรงเฉือน 274 GPa[8]
 
ด้วยคุณสมบัติความแข็งและทนความร้อนสูง ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์จึงใช้ทำเป็นเครื่องมือตัดหรือหัวเจาะ ใช้ทำกระสุนเจาะเกราะ เครื่องมือผ่าตัด อุปกรณ์กีฬา เครื่องประดับและอื่น ๆ
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
อ้างอิง
 
  1. Kurlov, p. 22
  2. Blau, Peter J. (2003). Wear of Materials. Elsevier. p. 1345. ISBN 978-0-08-044301-0.
  3. Pierson, Hugh O. (1992). Handbook of Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): Principles, Technology, and Applications. William Andrew Inc. ISBN 0-8155-1300-3.
  4. Zhong, Y.; Shaw, L. (2011). 'A study on the synthesis of nanostructured WC–10 wt% Co particles from WO3 , Co3O4 , and graphite'. Journal of Materials Science 46 (19): 6323–6331. Bibcode:2011JMatS..46.6323Z. doi:10.1007/s10853-010-4937-y.
  5. Groover, Mikell P. (2010). Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, and Systems. John Wiley & Sons. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-470-46700-8.
  6. Kurlov, p. 3
  7. Cardarelli, François (2008). Materials Handbook: A Concise Desktop Reference. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 640–. ISBN 978-1-84628-669-8.
  8. Kurlov, pp. 30, 135
  9. Sprince, NL.; Chamberlin, RI.; Hales, CA.; Weber, AL.; Kazemi, H. (1984). 'Respiratory disease in tungsten carbide production workers'. Chest 86 (4): 549–557. PMID 6434250. doi:10.1378/chest.86.4.549.
  10. 12th Report on Carcinogens'. National Toxicology Program. http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/roc12. เรียกข้อมูลเมื่อ 2011-06-24.
ความคิดเห็น :
1061
อ้างอิง

Yeezy Shoes
Yeezy Shoes
Yeezy
Adidas Yeezy
Yeezy
Adidas Yeezy
Yeezy Shoes
Yeezy
Adidas Yeezy
Yeezy Shoes
Moncler Outlet
Moncler Factory
Moncler Outlet Factory
Moncler
North Face Outlet
North Face
The North Face
Nike Outlet
Nike Outlet Store
Nike Outlet Online
Air jordans
Nike Outlet
Nike Shoes
Nike Outlet Store
Nike Outlet Store Online Shopping
Nike Outlet Online
Nike Outlet
Nike Outlet Store
Nike Outlet Online
Nike Outlet
Air Jordan 1
Jordan 1
Nike Outlet
Nike Outlet Store Online Shopping
Nike Outlet Store Online
Nike Outlet Store
Yeezy Slides
Yeezy Shoes
Yeezy
Yeezy Shoes
Yeezy
Adidas Yeezy
Yeezy Supply
Yeezy Supply Website
Adidas Yeezy
Yeezy Shoes
Yeezy
Yeezy Shoes
Adidas Yeezy
Yeezy Shoes
Yeezy
Adidas Yeezy
Burberry Outlet
Burberry Sale
Burberry Handbags
Burberry Sale
Burberry Outlet
Cheap Burberry Bags
Discount Burberry Bags
Moncler Outlet
Moncler Factory
Moncler Outlet Factory
Moncler
The North Face
North Face Outlet
North Face
North Face Jacket
North Face Jackets
North Face Outlet
North Face
Yeezy Supply
Yeezy
Pandora Necklace
Pandora
Michael Kors Outlet
Black Friday
Michael Kors Outlet Online
Off White Outlet Factory
Off White Shoes
Off White Shoes Outlet
Off White Shoes
Off White Nike
Off White Shoes Outlet
Moncler Outlet
Moncler Factory
Moncler Outlet Factory
Moncler Jackets
Moncler Outlet
Moncler Down Jackets
Moncler Vest
Moncler
Moncler Outlet
Moncler Coat
Burberry Sale
Burberry Outlet
Burberry Outlet Online Sale
Burberry Outlet Online
Burberry Outlet Store
Cheap Burberry Bags
Discount Burberry Bags
Burberry Handbags
Michael Kors Outlet
Michael Kors Bags
Michael Kors Outlet Store
Louis Vuitton
Louis Vuitton Outlet
Louis Vuitton Handbags
LV handbags
Louis Vuitton wallets
Louis Vuitton Handbags
LV handbags
Louis Vuitton
Louis Vuitton Outlet
Louis Vuitton wallets
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://www.yeezyshoes.us.com
Yeezy Shoes [47.180.195.xxx] เมื่อ 16/12/2021 19:22
1062
อ้างอิง

fally
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://islamabadescortspk.com/
fally [103.150.209.xxx] เมื่อ 16/12/2021 19:32
1063
อ้างอิง

anuu
The appropriate independent Lahore call can also try to pick up the Lahore call girls because there are different trends of men. The body, greatness, and character are the most things that are clear about men. Thus, with this ideal history on the ideal journey, we will help you find someone who is in the whole group. As a high mark organization, Pakistan escorts mainly classify women's type to meet the quality of any person. https://lahoreescortgirls.com/
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://lahoreescortgirls.com/
anuu [103.150.209.xxx] เมื่อ 16/12/2021 19:35
1064
อ้างอิง

dada
As the main organization, we are great accounting, amazing characters, and interior institutions that offer the Islamabad Escorts. Finally, get ready to waste it on what you are encouraging with you. Islamabad call girls can usually visit, which you may need young call girls in Islamabad. Only impact our list escorts in the administration of Pakistan.https://pakistanfemales.com/islamabad-escorts/
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://pakistanfemales.com/islamabad-escorts/
dada [103.150.209.xxx] เมื่อ 16/12/2021 19:35
1065
อ้างอิง

Alicia
nên đầu tư gì với số tiền nhỏ
đầu tư với số tiền nhỏ
đầu tư số tiền nhỏ
đầu tư gì với 500 triệu
đầu tư gì sinh lời nhanh
500 triệu đầu tư gì
vsetgroup là ai
đầu tư gì khi có 500 triệu
dân văn phòng kinh doanh gì
làm gì khi lạm phát tăng cao
làm gì với 200 triệu
Vốn 200 triệu đầu tư gì
đầu tư gì để sinh lời nhanh
kinh doanh với vốn 100 triệu
giới trẻ kinh doanh gì
có 200 triệu nên đầu tư gì
làm gì với số vốn 200 triệu
thị trường chứng khoán phái sinh ở việt nam
có 300tr nên kinh doanh gì
đầu tư gì khi lạm phát tăng cao
Kinh doanh gì với 100tr
làm gì với 500 triệu
nhượng quyền thương hiệu quán ăn
kinh doanh gì với vốn 100 triệu
có 200 triệu nên làm gì
đầu tư chứng khoán ngắn hạn
dự án vsetgroup
Khởi nghiệp kinh doanh với 500 triệu đồng
dự án vsj
khởi nghiệp với 5 triệu
kinh doanh vốn 100 triệu
kinh doanh với số vốn 100 triệu
kinh doanh online 4.0
có ít tiền nên đầu tư gì
giới trẻ nên kinh doanh gì
thời buổi này nên kinh doanh gì
kinh nghiệm đầu tư chứng khoán ngắn hạn
Khởi nghiệp nên đầu tư gì
group29khoinghiep
group29khoinghiep.com
Tin tức
Sổ tay khởi nghiệp
Kinh doanh
Đầu tư gì
Cổ phiếu
Bất động sản
Chuyện doanh nhân
Doanh nghiệp
Hợp tác kinh doanh
Infographic
vốn 100tr nên kinh doanh gì ở nông thôn
ý tưởng kinh doanh độc đáo kiểu Mỹ
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://kinhdoanhbdschiase.com/
Alicia [118.70.75.xxx] เมื่อ 18/12/2021 10:56
1066
อ้างอิง

Andrew smith
This was truly an intriguing point and I kinda concur with what you have specified here  Nasa Bomber Jacket  
 
Andrew smith [27.96.92.xxx] เมื่อ 18/12/2021 12:00
1067
อ้างอิง

Hox

Des weiteren habe ich einen bekannten der auch wegen thc seinen schein abgeben musste und nach zwei jahren von bremen nach Niedersachsen gezogen ist.

Und dann ein paar Wochen später hatte ich niemand , der mich zur Arbeit fuhr. Bin dann selber gefahren und wurde dann erwischt .

aber jetz ist ein difficulty in politische enrungen in slowenien wurde in verkersamt maine oginal fuhrerschein verloren. Wi kan ich ein doplerbekomen, oder eine bestetigung das ich so eine  Führerschein kaufen  besitze und welche fahrzoige ich fahren darf.

Und ist ein vorläufiger FS “Pflicht” oder kann ich diesen auch ablehnen, da ich ihn die nächsten two Monate noch gar nicht brauche und daher auch auf den “richtigen” warten kann?

 
Hox [103.255.6.xxx] เมื่อ 18/12/2021 12:17
1068
อ้างอิง

guwahati call girls
guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service  
guwahati call girls [223.226.167.xxx] เมื่อ 18/12/2021 13:00
1069
อ้างอิง

guwahati call girls
guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service guwahati escort service  
guwahati call girls [223.226.167.xxx] เมื่อ 18/12/2021 13:29
1070
อ้างอิง

faridabad call girls
faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort service faridabad escort servicecall girls in Faridabad || college call girls in Faridabad || Faridabad call girls || russian call girls in Faridabad || model call girls in Faridabad || call girls service in Faridabad || Faridabad call girls service || VIP call girls in Faridabad || independent call girls in Faridabad || independent VIP call girls in Faridabad || housewife call girls in Faridabad || high profile call girls in Faridabad || 
 
faridabad call girls [223.226.167.xxx] เมื่อ 18/12/2021 14:11
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305306307308309310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332333334335336337338339340341342343344345346347348349350351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377378379380381382383384385386387388389390391392393394395396397398399400401402403404405406407408409410411412413414415416417418419420421422423424425426427428429430431432433434435436437438439440441442443444445446447448449450451452453454455456457458459460461462463464465466467468469470471472473474475476477478479480481482483484485486487488489490491492493494495496497498499500501502503504505506507508509510511512513514515516517518519520521522523524525526527528529530531532533534535536537538539540541542543544545546547548549550551552553554555556557558559560561562563564565566567568569570571572573574575576577578579580581582583584585586587588589590591592593594595596597598599600601602603604605606607608609610611612613614615616617618619620621622623624625626627628629630631632633634635636637638639640641642643644645646647648649650651652653654655656657658659660661662663664665666667668669670671672673674675676677678679680681682683684685686687688689690691692693694695696697698699700701702703704705706707708709710711712713714715716717718719720721722723724725726727728729730731732733734735736737738739740741742743744745746747748749750751752753754755756757758759760761762763764765766767768769770771772773774775776777778779780781782783784785786787788789790791792793794795796797798799800801802803804805806807808809810811812813814815816817818819820821822823824825826827828829830831832833834835836837838839840841842843844845846847848849850
ความคิดเห็นของผู้เข้าชม
ชื่อผู้แสดงความคิดเห็น :
สถานะ : รหัสผ่าน :
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง :
รหัสความปลอดภัย :