สถิติ
เปิดเมื่อ28/01/2015
อัพเดท19/06/2024
ผู้เข้าชม2219370
แสดงหน้า2732099
ปฎิทิน
November 2024
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
     
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
สมาชิก

สมัครสมาชิก | ลืมรหัสผ่าน

ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์

อ่าน 743965 | ตอบ 8448
ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์
       ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์ (อังกฤษ: tungsten carbide) มีสูตรเคมีคือ WC ในรูปพื้นฐานจะมีลักษณะเป็นผงสีเทาละเอียด มี 2 โครงสร้างคือแบบหกเหลี่ยม (α-WC) และแบบลูกบาศก์ (β-WC)
 
       ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์เตรียมได้จากการทำปฏิกิริยาระหว่างทังสเตนกับคาร์บอนที่อุณหภูมิ 1400–2000 °C[3] หรือให้ความร้อนกับทังสเตนไตรออกไซด์และแกรไฟต์โดยตรงที่ 900 °C หรือในแก๊สไฮโดรเจนที่ 670 °C ตามด้วยการคาร์บิวไรเซชันในแก๊สอาร์กอนที่ 1000 °C[4] หรือใช้วิธีการเคลือบด้วยไอเคมี เช่น
  • ทำปฏิกิริยาระหว่างทังสเตนเฮกซะคลอไรด์กับไฮโดรเจนและมีเทนที่อุณหภูมิ 670 °C (1,238 °F)
 WCl6 + H2 + CH4 WC + 6 HCl
  • ทำปฏิกิริยาระหว่างทังสเตนเฮกซะฟลูออไรด์กับไฮโดรเจนและเมทานอลที่อุณหภูมิ 350 °C (662 °F)
                WF6 + 2 H2 + CH3OH → WC + 6 HF + H2O
       ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์มีจุดหลอมเหลวที่ 2,870 °C (5,200 °F) และจุดเดือดที่ 6,000 °C (10,830 °F) มีความแข็งระดับ 9 ตามมาตราโมสและประมาณ 2600 ตามมาตราวิกเคอส์[5] ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์มีความแข็งเกร็งมากกว่าเหล็กกล้าประมาณ 2 เท่า มีค่ามอดุลัสของยังประมาณ 530–700 GPa (77,000–102,000 ksi)[2][6][5][7] โมดูลัสของแรงบีบอัด 630–655 GPa และโมดูลัสของแรงเฉือน 274 GPa[8]
 
ด้วยคุณสมบัติความแข็งและทนความร้อนสูง ทังสเตนคาร์ไบด์จึงใช้ทำเป็นเครื่องมือตัดหรือหัวเจาะ ใช้ทำกระสุนเจาะเกราะ เครื่องมือผ่าตัด อุปกรณ์กีฬา เครื่องประดับและอื่น ๆ
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
อ้างอิง
 
  1. Kurlov, p. 22
  2. Blau, Peter J. (2003). Wear of Materials. Elsevier. p. 1345. ISBN 978-0-08-044301-0.
  3. Pierson, Hugh O. (1992). Handbook of Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): Principles, Technology, and Applications. William Andrew Inc. ISBN 0-8155-1300-3.
  4. Zhong, Y.; Shaw, L. (2011). 'A study on the synthesis of nanostructured WC–10 wt% Co particles from WO3 , Co3O4 , and graphite'. Journal of Materials Science 46 (19): 6323–6331. Bibcode:2011JMatS..46.6323Z. doi:10.1007/s10853-010-4937-y.
  5. Groover, Mikell P. (2010). Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, and Systems. John Wiley & Sons. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-470-46700-8.
  6. Kurlov, p. 3
  7. Cardarelli, François (2008). Materials Handbook: A Concise Desktop Reference. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 640–. ISBN 978-1-84628-669-8.
  8. Kurlov, pp. 30, 135
  9. Sprince, NL.; Chamberlin, RI.; Hales, CA.; Weber, AL.; Kazemi, H. (1984). 'Respiratory disease in tungsten carbide production workers'. Chest 86 (4): 549–557. PMID 6434250. doi:10.1378/chest.86.4.549.
  10. 12th Report on Carcinogens'. National Toxicology Program. http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/roc12. เรียกข้อมูลเมื่อ 2011-06-24.
ความคิดเห็น :
2860
อ้างอิง

Mumbaiescorts99
What makes Sana Kaur special is her ability to please the men. So if you want to enjoy with her and other Mumbai Escorts tonight, then you should call me. Escort service in Mumbai offers you all kind of Sex service and physical pleasure. Mumbai Escort Service gives you the best quality service.
  •  
 
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://www.sanakaur.com/
Mumbaiescorts99 [122.161.51.xxx] เมื่อ 11/11/2022 17:52
2861
อ้างอิง

Ashika Soni
AshikaSoni Escort Services in Bangalore are understood to be the easiest sexual service providers in Bangalore as they're understood to satisfy sensuous demands at their best. Everyone wants a seductive, warm, lovely, sexy, participating, practical, enthusiastic, elite Bangalore Escorts who is an independent model who provides costs services together with her hot number as well as great friendship. you'll discover hot and also sexy companions for sexual relations as well as your sensual needs with hot and also sexy condition ladies. they're constantly here to satisfy every one of your erotic needs. you'll satisfy every one of your fantasies throughout a wonderful as well as charming means.

You can constantly get to please every one of your sexual requirements and wishes. These ladies are self-analyzing as well as fully cooperative which they actually skills to seduce their companion which they are recognized to possess great possible. These Bangalore Call Girls are extremely popular as well as sensual as well as you'll always reach delight in interesting and enchanting services to delight in high course services of those models. you'll always get to feel the happiness of warm as well as seductive Bangalore Escort Girls. These ladies are extremely sensational and you'll constantly reach choose these ladies exceptionally prominent and also sexy. you'll absolutely be introduced to your sensuality.

All of those ladies are sensuous, seductive, sexy, as well as very demanded for his/her Bangalore Escort services. These are one of the most well suched as high course versions that come from high class society as well as these are really charming and also independent. These ladies are fully grown as well as independent as well as these are declared to be the greatest class girls. they're the means much better than any type of third class version. These are declared to be the exceptional and world class designs who are affirmed to provide remarkable and also exciting friendship to provide you ultimate contentment. These sexy models skills to provide ultimate enjoyment to their customers.

These Escorts Bangalore women are constantly able to provide you supreme sensual enjoyment along with her soft and silky possessions and also you'll get countless pleasure and delight with hot as well as lovely women as well as you'll take pleasure in various type of sex settings to improve your lovemaking enjoyment and you'll certainly be pleased with hot and also sexy models. you'll constantly reach appreciate the head satisfaction with none issue. you'll wish to delight in 69 or thumbing along with her|in addition to her along with her prior to sex and also she or he will certainly caress your body with her soft body and also supplies you impressive sexual activity session. you'll obtain absolute pleasure of sexual relations together with her..
 
Ashika Soni [45.121.2.xxx] เมื่อ 11/11/2022 18:00
2862
อ้างอิง

Neha Pandey
Are you looking for Ranchi Escorts Services in Ranchi? If yes then connect with Steadfast services which is located in Ranchi, We can be the right choice for you.


Ranchi Escorts Services: Ranchi Escorts | Ranchi Call Girls | Ranchi Escorts Categories | Ranchi Escorts Location | Ranchi Call Girls Price | Ranchi Call Girls Contact |

Ranchi Escorts Locations: 
Kadru Escorts | Kanke Escorts | Pahartoli Escorts | Argora Escorts | Ashok Nagar Escorts | Buti Escorts | Dhanbad Escorts | Bokaro Escorts | Lalpur Escorts | Harmu Escorts | Jamshedpur Escorts | Ranchi Railway Station Escorts | Ranchi Airport Escorts | Ranchi Redsinblue Hotel Escorts
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://www.topranchiescorts.com
Neha Pandey [110.224.107.xxx] เมื่อ 11/11/2022 19:35
2863
อ้างอิง

Neha Pandey
Are You looking to enjoy an entire night with our Independent Girls? if yes, book our hot girls in Ranchi or simply visit our website -www.topranchiescorts.com.

Ranchi Escorts Services: Ranchi Escorts | Ranchi Call Girls | Ranchi Escorts Categories | Ranchi Escorts Location | Ranchi Call Girls Price | Ranchi Call Girls Contact |

Ranchi Escorts Locations: 
Kadru Escorts | Kanke Escorts | Pahartoli Escorts | Argora Escorts | Ashok Nagar Escorts | Buti Escorts | Dhanbad Escorts | Bokaro Escorts | Lalpur Escorts | Harmu Escorts | Jamshedpur Escorts | Ranchi Railway Station Escorts | Ranchi Airport Escorts | Ranchi Redsinblue Hotel Escorts
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://www.topranchiescorts.com
Neha Pandey [110.224.107.xxx] เมื่อ 11/11/2022 21:10
2864
อ้างอิง

Hyderabad Escorts

Thank you very much for your blog site is very nice and users for the best website.

The greatest alternative for you is to hire these Hyderabad Escorts if you're looking for a pal to spend some time with. If you're looking for a buddy, you have a lot of options in this city because there are so many girls employed as escorts. The idea that escorts are exclusively appropriate for formal occasions and high-profile gatherings is widely held.

 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://www.bookescortsgirls.com/
Hyderabad Escorts [103.172.73.xxx] เมื่อ 12/11/2022 17:12
2865
อ้างอิง

Ujjain Escorts
To get such a girl who will captivate your mind at first sight and touch your heart, that is, you will have to look at Ujjain Escorts.
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : http://www.callgirlsjaipurescorts.com/call-girls-ujjain-escorts
Ujjain Escorts [49.204.163.xxx] เมื่อ 12/11/2022 17:22
2866
อ้างอิง

surbhirana
After a long time that most of the people could know the availability of the escorting service in the city of Delhi and it is the reason several thousands of people have found another way of entertaining themselves and it is a kind of enjoyment and pleasurable service that many people would provide Delhi escorts service which extends to some of the best enjoyable service list. It is the people who would have different kinds of enjoyable ingredients and most of the people who are willing to provide different kinds of enjoyment as well as entertainment are the ones who would say that they are suffering from some of the terrific health uneasiness comprised of tension, depression as well as many other kinds of illnesses. For whatever reasons you would still find a way or another to just come out having of enriching ingredients. If you are looking for a wonderful service where various other kinds of enjoyments as well as many other things are found available, then one must say that there are still some people who really want to have a go towards realizing the escort service offered by the beautiful and sexy Delhi escorts who would have some of the leading escorting abilities. Delhi female escort has offered service which is considered to be highly unique as well as meaningful. It is the reason some of the most popular people from around the world are running behind them and it is what some people have been continuously doing so for a long time, Delhi independent escorts. Even if you are trying to provide a new flavors to your bored life and you feel it very much as because you must have anything at least just to make your life free from different source of challenges which consisted of depression, tension as well as different other things. If you are trying to find out the best escorting service then just wait for a moment and think out that it is all the values as well as different other things which come under consideration. Delhi is a kind of city where you won’t find any kind of shortage of enjoyable service offers of escort in Delhi and for that all you need is the right kind of hunger with you. It is the hunger as well as passion which are the two factors which draw them to this beautiful city from numerous parts of the world. They can proof to be good companion for you and for that all you need is the right kind of selection which is very much important as well as relevant. Delhi model escorts has some of the fascinating attractions which have become the vital as well as important part of the overall tourists’ circuit. Most of the persons from different parts of the world are all inclining towards the this city and they especially those persons who have been the integral part of the city know well how to stand up and have a look for it and offers some of the valuable service ingredients which have become so much popular as well as meaningful. What you must expect from the Delhi escort service? Escorting service has become very much popular among people and there are different kinds of reasons for which one must consider that they would resort to so many other meaningful things as per their requirement and it is the reason one should say that with passage of each single day, people would find out the increasing value of the Delhi cheap escorts service and it is the reason there are so many other important things of its own value as well as various other things of its own. Some of the special things of Delhi independent escort that you can expect from the escorting service mainly consisted of enjoyment unlimited, fun, visiting to some of the interesting places as well as having of sweet chatting and getting the romance out thus, cherishing the well ambience full of enjoyment as well as romance that would make it quite unforgettable. Pleasurable Things Delhi premium Escorts Service! If you are willing to have some kinds of pleasurable service ingredients then you must never leave the visiting of Delhi from your plan. It is the reason several thousands of them would surely like to have such kinds of enjoyable experiences as per the choice is concerned so far. Delhi independent escort service has also started giving very much interesting services to people. These days’ people can find out numerous models working as well as from different other professional and family backgrounds that have started devoting their valuable time towards the fulfilling of the clients from different places. Some of the most essential thing about the escorting service is the kind of ever lasting impact it does really have on the individual who has the service. Some of the valuable sources mainly consisted of offering of values and motivational products in people. For instance, if you want to have a proper way of dealing with the escorting service then you must make sure that there are so many other things which are of immense interests as well as pleasurable by nature. Escort girl in Delhi has the ability to show some kinds of prosperity and pleasure based activities to clients and it is the responsibility of the clients to find out the best ones in terms of their own level of satisfaction as well as many other things of great value. Delhi escorts agency... More : website link
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://www.surbhirana.club
surbhirana [139.167.251.xxx] เมื่อ 13/11/2022 20:45
2867
อ้างอิง

Ritika Rani
Mumbai escorts agency for making their outstanding sexual experiences. We offer high-status Mumbai Escorts Service to our user because our Independent girls are experts in providing the best adult service. So, whenever you feel lonely so that time you just want our Mumbai Call Girls which erase your loneliness and give you some amazing escorts services on the bed. Our Escorts in Mumbai girl know what the exact requirements of the user are and she gives outstanding service with their beauty.
Mumbai Escorts Services: Mumbai Escorts | Mumbai Call Girls | Mumbai Call Girls Photo | Mumbai Cheap Call Girls | Mumbai Escorts Blog | Mumbai Call Girls Phone Number 
Mumbai Escorts Locations: 
Andheri Call Girls | Bandra Call Girls | Vashi Call Girls | Mira Road Call Girls | Thane Call Girls | Juhu Call Girls | Navi Mumbai Call Girls 
Mumbai Escorts Categories: 
Whatsapp Sex Chat With Mumbai Girls | Housewife Escorts Mumbai | Muslim Call Girls | Russian Escorts Girls in Mumbai | Actress Escorts in Mumbai | Marathi Call Girls | Mumbai Call Girls Near Me | Vergin Call Girls Mumbai | College Girl Escorts Mumbai 
Other Escorts City: 
Ahmedabad Call Girls | Ranchi Call Girls
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://www.nearmeescorts.in
Ritika Rani [106.222.244.xxx] เมื่อ 14/11/2022 09:17
2868
อ้างอิง

Master Royale
Fantastic post, I am glad to visit here. keep it up. Master Royale download 2022 is an outstanding private server that will help you generate unlimited gold, gems, and elixir to progress faster in the game without having to wait to generate resources manually. If you have more guides so, you can visit the master royale. 
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://justpaste.it/download-latest-master-royale
Master Royale [43.251.212.xxx] เมื่อ 14/11/2022 16:17
2869
อ้างอิง

Ritika Rani
Mumbai escorts agency for making their outstanding sexual experiences. We offer high-status Mumbai Escorts Service to our user because our Independent girls are experts in providing the best adult service. So, whenever you feel lonely so that time you just want our Mumbai Call Girls which erase your loneliness and give you some amazing escorts services on the bed. Our Escorts in Mumbai girl know what the exact requirements of the user are and she gives outstanding service with their beauty.
Mumbai Escorts Services: Mumbai Escorts | Mumbai Call Girls | Mumbai Call Girls Photo | Mumbai Cheap Call Girls | Mumbai Escorts Blog | Mumbai Call Girls Phone Number 
Mumbai Escorts Locations: 
Andheri Call Girls | Bandra Call Girls | Vashi Call Girls | Mira Road Call Girls | Thane Call Girls | Juhu Call Girls | Navi Mumbai Call Girls 
Mumbai Escorts Categories: 
Whatsapp Sex Chat With Mumbai Girls | Housewife Escorts Mumbai | Muslim Call Girls | Russian Escorts Girls in Mumbai | Actress Escorts in Mumbai | Marathi Call Girls | Mumbai Call Girls Near Me | Vergin Call Girls Mumbai | College Girl Escorts Mumbai
Other Escorts City: Ahmedabad Call Girls | Ranchi Call Girls

 
 
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง : https://www.nearmeescorts.in
Ritika Rani [106.222.145.xxx] เมื่อ 14/11/2022 16:18
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305306307308309310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332333334335336337338339340341342343344345346347348349350351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377378379380381382383384385386387388389390391392393394395396397398399400401402403404405406407408409410411412413414415416417418419420421422423424425426427428429430431432433434435436437438439440441442443444445446447448449450451452453454455456457458459460461462463464465466467468469470471472473474475476477478479480481482483484485486487488489490491492493494495496497498499500501502503504505506507508509510511512513514515516517518519520521522523524525526527528529530531532533534535536537538539540541542543544545546547548549550551552553554555556557558559560561562563564565566567568569570571572573574575576577578579580581582583584585586587588589590591592593594595596597598599600601602603604605606607608609610611612613614615616617618619620621622623624625626627628629630631632633634635636637638639640641642643644645646647648649650651652653654655656657658659660661662663664665666667668669670671672673674675676677678679680681682683684685686687688689690691692693694695696697698699700701702703704705706707708709710711712713714715716717718719720721722723724725726727728729730731732733734735736737738739740741742743744745746747748749750751752753754755756757758759760761762763764765766767768769770771772773774775776777778779780781782783784785786787788789790791792793794795796797798799800801802803804805806807808809810811812813814815816817818819820821822823824825826827828829830831832833834835836837838839840841842843844845846
ความคิดเห็นของผู้เข้าชม
ชื่อผู้แสดงความคิดเห็น :
สถานะ : รหัสผ่าน :
ลิงค์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง :
รหัสความปลอดภัย :